Mostly Harmless (Douglas Adams) ...has short section at the beginning on difficulty of achieving fault tolerance
http://flag.blackened.net/dinsdale/dna/book5.html

Difference Engine (Sterling and Gibson) -- what if the computer/information revolution occurred based on Babbages' mechanical machines

Coppernick's Rebellion (genetic engineering...should be on last year's list)

Diamond Age (Neal Stephenson) -- society which has nanotech manufacturing

Cryptonomicon (Neal Stephenson) -- WW2 (and modern day) crypto and computing [Turing makes an appearance] [a bit more off topic, but there's also "Quicksilver" in which Newton and Leibnitz show up....]

Prelude to Foundation ("first" book in the Foundation series)- Isaac Asimov [Hari Seldon develops the field of Psychohistory and finds a way to save the Galactic Empire]

Bringing Down the House -- MIT students beating Blackjack (true story)

Who got Einstein's Office -- (I believe this has the Rolette wheel story in it, but I should check) ....whole book is about major figures at the Institute for Advanced Physics Both related to exploiting informtion in probabilities.